THE PROBLEM OF DETERMINING THE PRINCIPLES OF FORMATION OF THE ROMAN SENATE DURING THE ERA OF KINGS (VIII CENTURY B.C. – VI CENTURY B.C.) IN THE WORKS BY RUSSIAN AND FOREIGN RESEARCHERS 

Biyushkina Nadezhda Iosifovna, Doctor of juridical sciences, professor, sub-department of theory and history of state and law, Lobachevsky University of Nizhny Novgorod (23 Gagarina avenue, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia), E-mail: Asya_biyushkina1@list.ru
Guseva Oksana Yur'evna, Postgraduate student, Volga State University of Water Transport (5a Nesterova street, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia), E-mail: ouv190506@yandex.ru  

342.8 

10.21685/2072-3016-2019-3-6 

Background. In this article the author outlines and analyzes the election requirements for candidates for the position of Senator in Rome in the period VIII–VI centuries B.C., which became the subject of research of such scientists as V. Patikul, P. Festa, G. Sallustius Crispus (Sallustius), Dionysius of Halicarnassus, I. Sonara, Plutarch, Livy, D. I. Azarevich, T. Mommsen, L. G. Morgan, I. A. Kossovich, I. A. Pokrovsky, S. L., Utchenko, A. D., Momigliano, M. V. Belkin, A. V. Korolenko, etc. The novelty of the research lies in the approaches to the issues.
Materials and methods. The author of the article used methods to more fully disclose the claimed subject. The methodological basis of form, first, the principle of dialectics as a General principle of scientific knowledge. In addition, the study used General scientific methods, specially scientific and special methods, including: systematic, comparative-historical, textual, historical and legal, methods of analysis and synthesis etc.
Results. Investigated the evolution of the principles of the formation of the Roman Senate during the Imperial period (VIII-VI centuries B.C.) in the context of changing policy enfranchised.
Insights. For the first time, the author evaluated the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of candidates for senators. The main contribution of the author in researching the subject is the systematization of the positions of Russian and foreign researchers of ancient history in the question about how the formation of the Roman Senate in the VIII century B.C. – VI century B.C. and their presentation in the form of a table. 

Ancient Rome, Senate, electoral qualifications, electoral procedures, candidate, Patricia, Curia, tribe, senatorial list, plebeians 

1. Flor L. A. Malye rimskie istoriki IV veka [Minor Roman historians of IV century]. Moscow: Ladomir, 1996, 167 p. [In Russian]
2. Belkin M. V. Rimskiy senat v epokhu soslovnoy bor'by VI–IV vv. do n. e. Problemy evolyutsii: avtoref. dis. kand. ist. nauk: 07.00.03 [The Roman Senate in the age of class struggle in VI – IV centuries B.C. Evolutionary problems: author’s abstract of dissertation to apply for the degree of the candidate of historical sciences]. Saint-Petersburg, 1997. [In Russian]
3. Tsitseron M. T. Dialogi [Dialogues]. Transl. from Latin by V. O. Gorenstein. Moscow: Ladomir-Nauka, 1994. [In Russian]
4. Plutarkh. Izbrannye zhizneopisaniya: v 2 t. [Selected biographies: in 2 volumes]. Moscow: Pravda, 1990, vol. 1. [In Russian]
5. Avl G. Atticheskie nochi: v 20 kn. [Attic nights: in 20 books]. Moscow: Gumanitarnaya akademiya, 2007, bk. 18:7,5. [In Russian]
6. Real'nyy slovar' klassicheskikh drevnostey po Lyubkeru [The real dictionary of classical antiquities according to Lubker]. Eds. F. Gel'bke, L. Georgievskiy, M. Kutorgi et al. Saint-Petersburg: Izdanie obshchestva klassicheskoy filologii i pedagogiki, 1885. [In Russian]
7. Mayak I. L. Rim pervykh tsarey. Genezis rimskogo polisa [Rome of the first kings. The Genesis of the Roman Polis]. Moscow: Izd-vo MGU, 1983. [In Russian]
8. Mommzen T. Istoriya Rima. Kn. 1. Do uprazdneniya tsarskoy vlasti [The Roman history. Book 1. Till the king’s power abolotion]. Saint-Petersburg: Nauka; Yuventa, 1997. [In Russian]
9. Velley P. Malye rimskie istoriki IV veka [Minor Roman historians of IV century]. Moscow: Ladomir, 1996, bk. I, sect. VIII (6), 167 p. [In Russian]
10. Yustin M. Epitoma sochineniya Pompeya Troga «Historiarum Philippicarum» [An epitome of Pompeus Trogus’ “Historiarum Philippicarum”]. Translation by A. A. Dekonskiy, M. I. Rizhskiy. Moscow: ROSSPEN, 2005, bk. XLIII, chap. 3. Available at: http://www. simposium.ru/ru/node/37(accessed 30.03.2015).
11. Chernoglazov D. A. Vizantiyskiy vremennik (BYZANTINA XPONIKA): ezhegodnik [Byzantine periodical (BYZANTINA XPONIKA): yearbook]. Moscow: Nauka, 2006, vol. 65 (90). [In Russian]
12. Dionisiy. Rimskie drevnosti: v 3 t. [Roman antiquities: in 3 volumes]. Moscow: Rubezhi XXI, 2005, vol. 1, bk. II, XII, chap. 1–3. [In Russian]
13. Flaviy E. Malye rimskie istoriki IV veka [Minor Roman historians of IV century]. Moscow: Ladomir, 1996, 167 p. [In Russian]
14. Korolenkov A. V. Vostochnaya Evropa v drevnosti i srednevekov'e. Migratsii, rasselenie, voyna kak faktory politogeneza: XXIV chteniya pamyati chl.-korr. AN SSSR V. T. Pashuto [Eastern Europe in ancient times and the Middle Ages. Migrations, settlement, war as factors of political genesis: XXIV readings commemorating V. T. Pashuto, a corresponding member of the USSR AS]. Moscow: Institut vseobshchey istorii RAN, 2012. [In Russian]
15. Tsitseron M. T. O starosti. O druzhbe. Ob obyazannostyakh [On old age. On friendship. On responsibilities]. Transl. from the Latin V. O. Gorenstein. Moscow: Nauka, 1974. [In Russian]
16. Tit L. Istoriya Rima ot osnovaniya goroda [The Roman history of the city’s foundation]. Transl. from Latin by V. M. Smirin. Moscow: Nauka, 1989, vol. I, bk. I, chap. 8, 7. [In Russian]
17. Koptev A. V. Antichnyy mir i arkheologiya (ama): mezhvuz. sb. nauch. tr. [The antique world and archeology: interuniversity proceedings]. Issue 12. Saratov: Saratovskiy gosudarstvennyy universitet, 2006. [In Russian]
18. Rostovtsev M. I. Entsiklopedicheskiy slovar' F. A. Brokgauza, I. A. Efrona: v 86 t. [The Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary: in 86 volumes]. Saint-Petersburg: Semenovskaya Tipo-litografiya (I. A. Efrona), 1900, vol. XXIX-A. [In Russian]
19. Azarevich D. I. Patritsii i plebei v Rime: istoriko-yuridicheskoe issledovanie [Patricians and plebeians in Rome: a historical and juridical study]. Saint-Petersburg: Tipografiya tovarishchestva «Obshchestvennaya pol'za», 1875, vol. 1. [In Russian]
20. Morgan L.-G. Drevnee obshchestvo ili issledovanie liniy chelovecheskogo progressa ot dikosti cherez varvarstvo k tsivilizatsii [The ancient society or a study of human progress lines from savagery through barbarity to the civilization]. Leningrad: Izd-vo Instituta narodov Severa TsIK SSSR, 1935. [In Russian]
21. Belkin M. V. Sbornik nauchnykh statey k 70-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya professora E. D. Frolova [Collected articles devoted to the 70th birthday of professor E.D. Frolov]. Saint-Petersburg: Tsentr antiko-vedeniya SPbGU, 2003. [In Russian]
22. Pokrovskiy I. A. Istoriya rimskogo prava [The Roman law history]. Saint-Petersburg: Letniy sad, 1999. [In Russian]
23. Utchenko S. L. Krizis i padenie Rimskoy respubliki [The crisis and fall of the Roman Republic]. Moscow: Nauka, 1965. [In Russian]
24. Glukhanyuk N. S., Gershkovich T. B. Pozdniy vozrast i strategii ego osvoeniya [The elderly age and adoption strategies thereto]. Ekaterinburg: Izd-vo Ros. gos. prof.-ped. un-ta, 2003. [In Russian]
25. Avl G. Atticheskie nochi: v 20 kn. [Attic nights: in 20 books]. Moscow: Gumanitarnaya akademiya, 2007, bk. 10:28. [In Russian]
26. Koptev A. V. Antichnyy mir i arkheologiya (ama): mezhvuz. sb. nauch. tr. [The antique world and archeology: interuniversity proceedings]. Issue 12. Saratov: Saratovskiy gosudarstvennyy universitet, 2006. [In Russian]
27. Koptev A. V. Sbornik nauchnykh trudov Vologodskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta [Proceedings of Volgograd State Pedagogical University]. Vologda: Rus, 1997. Available at: http://www. ancientrome.ru/publik/article.htm?a=
1261777086 (accessed 25.03.2015). [In Russian]
28. Kossovich I. A. Rimskie drevnosti [Roman antiquities]. Varshava: Varshavskie universitetskie izvestiya, 1875. [In Russian]
29. Andzhela A. Odin den' v Drevnem Rime. Povsednevnaya zhizn', tayny i kur'ezy [One day in Ancient Rome. Everyday life, misteries and amusing incidents]. Moscow: KoLibri, 2010. [In Russian]
30. Momigliano A. The Journal of Roman Studies. 1963, no. 53.
31. Belokh K. Yu. Rimskaya istoriya do nachala Punicheskikh voyn [The Roman history till the beginning of Punic Wars]. Berlin; Leyptsig, 1926. [In Russian]
32. De Sanctis G. Storia dei Romani [The Roman history]. Torino, 1960, vol. 1.
33. Real'nyy slovar' klassicheskikh drevnostey po Lyubkeru [The real dictionary of classical antiquities according to Lubker]. Eds. F. Gel'bke, L. Georgievskiy, M. Kutorg et al.
Saint-Petersburg: Zdanie obshchestva klassicheskoy filologii i pedagogiki, 1885. [In Russian]
34. Chistyakova N. A., Vulikh N. V. Istoriya antichnoy literatury [The history of antique literature]. 2nd ed. Moscow: Vysshaya shkola, 1971. [In Russian]
35. Bibikov V. Istoricheskaya literatura Vizantii [Byzantine historical literature]. Saint-Petersburg: Aleteyya, 1998.
36. Russkiy biograficheskiy slovar': v 25 t. [Russian biographical dictionary: in 25 volumes]. Saint-Petersburg: Tipografiya Glavnogo upravleniya udelov, 1903, vol. IX. [In Russian]
37. Filosofskiy entsiklopedicheskiy slovar' [Philosphical encyclopedic dictionary]. Eds. L. F. Il'ichev, P. N. Fedoseev. Moscow: Sovetskaya entsiklopediya, 1983. [In Russian]
38. Razumnoe povedenie i yazyk [Reasonable behavior and language]. Compilers: A. D. Koshelev, T. V. Chernigovskaya. Issue 1. Moscow: Yazyki slavyanskikh kul'tur, 2008, 416 p. Available at: http://www.genlingnw.ru/person/Chernogl.htm (accessed 10.03.2014). [In Russian]
39. Korolenkov A. V., Smykov E. V. Vestnik drevney istorii [Bulletin of the ancient history]. 2016, no. 76/2, pp. 489–496. Available at: http://ancientrome.ru/site/korolenkov.htm (accessed 18.09.2016). [In Russian]
40. Koptev A. V. Antichnyy mir i arkheologiya [The antique world and archeology]. 2006, iss. 12, pp. 119–138. Available at: http://ancientrome.ru/site/koptev.htm (accessed 11.09.2016). [In Russian]
41. Bokshchanin A. Istoricheskiy zhurnal [Historical journal]. 1940, no. 1.
42. Redis B. Kto est' kto v antichnom mire [Who is who in the antique world]. Transl. from English by M. Umnov. Moscow: DK; Tallin: Tallinnskiy tsentr MADPR, 1993, 320 p. [In Russian]
43. Entsiklopedicheskiy slovar' F. A. Brokgauza, I. A. Efrona: v 86 t. [The Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary: in 86 volumes]. Eds. K. K. Arsen'ev, F. F. Petrushevskiy. Saint-Petersburg: Semenovskaya tipografiya Aktsionernogo obshchestva Brokgauza–Efrona, 1902, vol. XXXVA. [In Russian]
44. Entsiklopediya biografiy [Encyclopedia of biographies]. Availble at: http://biographera.net/biography.php?id=108 (accessed 15.03.2014). [In Russian]
45. Egorov S. A. Na chestnoe delo zhizni: Yaroslavskaya yuridicheskaya shkola [For honest life work: Yaroslavl Law School]. Yaroslavl: Vysshaya shkola, 1997. [In Russian]
46. Belokh Yu. Grecheskaya istoriya: v 2 t. [The Greek history: in 2 volumes]. Transl. from German by M. O. Gershenzon. 3d ed. Moscow: Gos. publ. ist. b-ka Rossii, 2009, vol. 1. [In Russian]
47. Sovetskaya istoricheskaya entsiklopediya: v 16 t. [Soviet historical encyclopedia: in 16 volumes]. Ed. by E. M. Zhukov. Moscow: Sovetskaya entsiklopediya, 1969, vol. 12. [In Russian]
48. Vestnik drevney istorii [Bulletin of the ancient history]. 1976, no. 3. [In Russian]
49. Oksfordskiy biograficheskiy slovar' [Oxford dictionary of biographies]. Available at: http: www.oxforddnb.com/index/101039812/Arnaldo-Momigliano
50. Belkin M. V. Rimskiy senat v epokhu soslovnoy bor'by VI–IV vv. do n. e. Problemy evolyutsii: dis. kand. ist. nauk: 07.00.03 [The Roman Senate in the age of class struggle of VI-IV centirues B.C. Evolutionary problems: dissertation to apply for the degree of the candidate of historical sciences]. Saint-Petersburg: Izd-vo SPbGU, 1997, 238 p. Available at: http://centant.spbu.ru//centrum/history/belkin/homepage.htm (accessed 15.03.2014). [In Russian]